| In the last decade, a wide variety of applications | | | | strand of optical fiber. (Both 100Base-FX and |
| have been developed that covers a dozen of | | | | 100Bse-SX use two strands of optical fibers). It uses |
| datacom networking technologies. The transmission | | | | WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) technology to |
| speed ranges from 10Mbits up to 10Gbit/s and | | | | separate the transmission and receiving signals. |
| growing. | | | | Gigabit Ethernet |
| High distance-bandwidth product is the major selling | | | | By the end of 1990s and early 2000s, most 100Mbit |
| point for fiber optic transceivers. Another major | | | | s Fast Ethernet installation base have been upgraded |
| benefit of fiber optic systems is their high reliability | | | | to 1000Mbit/s Gigabit Ethernet. In the same process, |
| compared to other media. | | | | fiber is increasingly the transmission medium of choice |
| Now fiber optic transceivers are commercially | | | | when copper reaches its fundamental limits for high |
| available for almost all international and industrial | | | | speed transmission. |
| standards, including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit | | | | For fiber optic transceivers, the related industry |
| Ethernet, 10Gbit Ethernet. | | | | standards include 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX, |
| So let's review the the bunch of industry standards | | | | 1000Base-LH, 1000Base-BX10 and 1000Base-ZX. |
| and inspect the various applications that fiber optic | | | | 1000Base-SX uses 850nm multimode light over |
| transceivers provide. | | | | multimode fibers. Its spec says the maximum |
| There are two classifications for optical fiber: | | | | operation length is 500 meters but usually it can |
| single-mode (SMF) and multi-mode (MMF). SMF is used | | | | reach much longer than that. |
| for long distance communication and MMF is used for | | | | 1000Base-LX uses 1300 or 1310nm single mode fiber |
| distances of less than 300 m. SMF has a narrower | | | | and laser. Its specification says the maximum |
| core (6.3 µm) which makes it difficult to | | | | operation length is 5km. But manufacturers often |
| connect. MMF has a wider core (50 or 62.5 µm) | | | | guarantee over 10km working length. |
| and is more expensive than SMF. | | | | 1000Base-LH is not a standard but accepted by the |
| Ethernet | | | | industry. It is backward compatible with 1000Base-LX |
| Ethernet is the result of research done at Xerox | | | | but its specification is 10km over single mode fiber. |
| Corporation in the early 1970s. It has evolved into | | | | This is actually achieved by using high quality fiber |
| the most popular physical and link layer protocol | | | | optic components. |
| today. Up until late 1980s, 10Mbit/s Ethernet had the | | | | 1000Base-BX10 operates over a single strand of |
| largest installed base and was the most popular | | | | single mode fiber. Similar to 100Base-BX, this is |
| networking standard. | | | | achieved by using WDM technology. Its specification |
| Fast Ethernet | | | | is 10km. |
| By the mide of 1990s, all 10Mbit/s Ethernet installation | | | | 1000Base-ZX is also not a industry standard by |
| base have been upgraded to 100Mbit/s Fast | | | | accepted by the industry. It uses 1550nm single |
| Ethernet. The fiber standards for Fast Ethernet | | | | mode fiber and laser to operate over 70km. |
| includes 100Base-FX, 100Base-SX and 100Base-BX. | | | | 10Gbit Ethernet |
| 100Base-FX uses a 1300nm multimode light. The | | | | 10Gbit Ethernet is also called 10GigE. This was first |
| maximum length is 2 kilometers for full duplex over | | | | published in 2002 and is still the fastest Ethernet |
| multimode optical fiber. | | | | standard, although 100Gbit Ethernet is under |
| 100Base-SX is the lower cost alternative to | | | | development. The standard includes 10GBase-SR, |
| 100Base-FX. It uses 850nm light and can only operate | | | | 10GBase-LR, 10GBase-LRM, 10GBase-ER, 10GBase-ZR |
| at distance up to 300 meters. | | | | and 10GBase-LX. |
| 100Base-BX is version of Fast Ethernet over a single | | | | |